Administrative Contact
The administrative contact is an individual authorized to interact with
the registrar on behalf of the domain name registrant. The administrative
contact should be able to answer non- technical questions about the domain
name’s registration and about domain name’s registrant. It
is strongly recommended that the administrative contact be the registrant
or someone from the registrant’s organization.
.Aero
Sponsored top-level domain. Reserved for members of the aviation community.
Billing Contact
The billing contact is the person designated to receive the invoice for
domain name registration and re- registration fees. The billing contact
should be in a position to ensure prompt payment of fees.
Availability (Uptime Guarantee)
Availability of a system allows it to redundancy in order to eliminate
any single points of failure of the system. For example, if only one web
server responds to the HTTP requests, the web server is a single point
of failure. If two web server are load balanced by a load balancer, the
load balancer is a single point of failure. High availability systems
have good fault-tolerance mechanisms in place by employing hardware and
software based redundancies. However, achieving 100% availability is often
very costly as compared to 99.5%. In the hosting industry this is also
known as uptime guarantee.
Bandwidth ( Data Transfer)
Bandwidth or data is the measure of the traffic generated from your website.
It is measured in bytes (KB), mega bytes (MB), giga bytes (GB). If a website
delivers 100,000 pages each month with average page file size of 20 KB
, the bandwidth per month will be 2 GB. Almost 80% of
websites on the internet uses less than 5 GB of bandwidth per month.
.Biz
Top- level domain reserved for the business community.
Browser
A program which allows a parson to read hypertext. The browser gives some
means of viewing the contents of pages and of navigating from one page
to another.
CGI Bin
This is a directory on the webserver where the CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
executable code is placed. The CGI bin directory is kept secure from the
internet users by allowing specific permission, so that malicious user
or hacker cannot run any program by accessing that directory.
Control Panel
A control panel helps a webmaster to easily access the settings, tools,
utilities provided by the web host via a user friendly interface. With
the click of a mouse, he can administer the web space, domain names, e-mail
accounts, directories, cgi-bin ( program script storage aria) and all
the special featured offered, including site statistics and shopping carts.
Colocation Servers
Colocation servers are servers owned by the customer, but located
at the hosting company’s data center. These servers are connected
to the network backbone of the hosting company. The customer pays for
the bandwidth, power supply and the physical server space. Since the customer
owns the hardware, if any component needs to be replace, the customer
has to pay for it.
.Com
Generic top-level domain. The most commonly used TLD on the Web.
ccTLD
Country code top Level domain. Also referred to as non-US ISO country
codes. TLDs in domain names which reflect a specific country, such as
.co .uk (United Kingdom ), .co.jp (Japan), .com.tw (Taiwan), et cetera.
If you are interested in such a name, you should check out this list of
domain name registries around the world: http://www.norid.no/domreg.html
.Coop
Restricted top-level domain. Reserved for cooperative business.
Dedicate Servers
Dedicated Servers are web servers owned by the hosting company, but leased
by only one customer. The hosting company is responsible for hardware
and software failures. The customer usually has full control over the
server and has the ability to configure it to his needs.
Disk Space
Disk space is the amount of space that is provided on the web server to
hold the website’s content. It is measure in bytes, kilo bytes (KB),
mega bytes (MB) or giga bytes (GB).
DNS
A distributed database of information that is used to translate domain
named, which are easy for humans to remember and use, into Internet Protocol
(IP) numbers, which are what computers need to find each other on the
Internet. People working on computers around the globe maintain their
specific portion of this database, and the data held in each portion of
the database is made available to all computers and users on the Internet.
The DNS comprises computers, data files, software, and people working
together.
Domain Name
In short, a domain name is nothing more than an alias for a numeric web
address.
Each web site on the Internet has a numeric address that functions like
coordinates on a map. Instead of pointing to a geographic location on
earth, these numeric addresses, called IP addresses, point to geographical
location on the Internet. Computers have no problems with locating and
remembering numeric addresses. In contrast, most humans have trouble remembering
long, complicated sequences of numbers. So, to make surfing the web easier,
the domain name system was invented. This system allows people to use
easy to remember names for web sites instead of those number sequences.
.Edu
Generic restricted top-level domain. Available exclusively to degree-granting
educational institutions of higher education that are accredited by one
of the six U.S. regional accrediting agencies.
Fully-qualified domain name
A fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) is that portion of an Internet Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) that fully identifies the server program that an
Internet request is addressed to. The FQDN includes the top-level domain
name, the second-level domain name and other levels. An FQDN should be
sufficient to determine a unique Internet address for any host on the
Internet. The prefix “http:// “added to the fully-qualified
domain name completes the URL.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. The Internet engineering standard for transferring
files from one computer to another, i.e. from web creator’s computer
files to the virtual server or vice versa. Such a transfer is made via
special FTP software program such a WS_FTP or CuteFTP. There are many
Internet sites that have established publicity accessible repositories
of material that anonymous, thus these site are called anonymous ftp servers.
FTP ( file Transfer Protocol)
FTP is a method of uploading or downloading files to or from remote computer.
The remote computer acts as an FTP server, whereas the local (home) computer
is a FTP client. FTP is very commonly used to upload the web pages to
a remotely located web server.
gTLD
Generic top Level Domain. In the US, gTLDs used to describe organizational
and political structures and are usually given three-letter names. Over
the past few years, a number of these gTLDs have become “unrestricted”,
i.e. anyone can register a domain in that gTLD. You do not even have to
reside in the US or be a business entity. For domains outside the US,
tow-letter ISO 9International Organization For Standardization) country
codes are used. Here are the current gTLDs. Over the next few months,
there will likely be new additions to this list:
Top Level Domain What is Used to be for who can register?
.COM Commercial Companies Anyone – Unrestricted
.EDU Educational Institutions 4 Years Universities only
.GOV Governmental Agcy’s Restricted
.MIL Military Agencies Restricted US Military
.NET Network Providers Anyone – Unrestricted
.ORG Not-for-profit organizations Anyone – Unrestricted
HTML
Document on the World Wide Web are written in a simple “markup language”
called HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language. HTML looks a
lot like old-fashioned typesetting code, where you surround a block of
text with codes that indicate how it should appear, additionally, in HTML
you can specify that a block of text, or a word, is linked to another
file on the Internet. HTML files are meant to be viewed using a browser,
such as Netscape or Internet Explorer.
HTTP
HyprText Transfer Protocol. The protocol for moving hypertext files across
the Internet.
Requires a HTTP client program on one end, and HTTP server on other end.
HTTP is the most important protocol used in the World Wide Web (WWW) .
Hypertext
Term coined by Ted Nelson around 1965 for collection of documents containing
cross-references or “links” which, with the aid of an interactive
browser program, allow the reader to move easily from one document to
another.
IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The function that currently oversees registration for various Internet
Protocol parameters, such as port numbers, protocol and enterprise numbers,
options, codes, and types. The IANA is currently located at the Information
Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California in Marina
del Rey, CA.
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. ICANN is the new
non-profit corporation that is assuming responsibility from U.S. Government
for coordinating certain Internet technical functions, including the management
of Internet domain name systems. More information about ICANN can be found
at their web site , which is posted at :
http://www.icann.org
.Info
Generic top-level domain. Unrestricted, but generally used for informative
purpose.
InterNIC
http://www.internic.net
The InterNIC is a concept for an integrated network information center
that was developed by several companies, including Network Solutions,
in cooperation with the U.S. government. Currently, the term “InterNIC”
is being used in conjunction with a neutral, stand along webpage (located
at http://www.internic.net) that is established for the purpose of providing
the public with information regarding Internet domain name registration.
InterNIC is a registered service mark of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
IP Address
Every machine that is on Internet has a unique IP number – if a
machine does not have an IP number, it is not really on the Internet.
Most machines also have one or more Domain Names that easier for people
to remember IP addresses are numerical, often 32- bit addresses that are
expressed as four numbers between 0 and 225, separated by periods, for
example: 216.168.224.69 for more information, HowStuffWorks.com has an
easy to comprehend article on How IP Addresses work as a part of it’s
larger article on How domain Name Servers Work.
ISP ( Internet Service Provider)
While rather a generic term, ISP generally refers to a person, organization,
or company that allows it’s users access to the Internet. In addition
to Internet access, many ISP’s provide other services such as web
hosting, DNS and other services.
Load Balancing
Loading balancing is a technique used to distribute the load of system
among the available servers or machines, so that all the servers get their
fair share of incoming requests.
.MIL
Generic top-level domain operated exclusively by the United States Military.
.Museum
Generic top-level domain reserved for museums.
.Name
Generic top-level domain reserved exclusively for individuals.
Nameserver
Sometimes called a “host.” A computer (server) that has both
the software and the data (zone files) needed to resolve domain names
to Internet Protocol (IP) numbers. Domain names must be programmed into
a minimum of two nameservers hosted on separate networks.
.Net
Generic top-level domain. Unrestricted, but primarily used by Internet
service providers( ISPs).
NIC
Generally, any office that handles information for a network. The most
famous of these on the Internet is the InterNIC, which is where new domain
names are registered.
.Org
Generic top-level domain. Unrestricted, but mainly used by nonprofit organizations.
Parking
When a registered domain is parked, the domain is reserved but remains
inactive. A temporary Web page is displayed until the site is unparked
– or activated. Domain name parking is often used by registrants
who do not yet have a hosting provider or who haven’t yet built
a site for the domain.
.Pro
Soon-to-be-activated generic top-level domain. Once established, the domain
will be available exclusively for certified professionals, such as accountant,
lawyers and physicians.
Registrant
The individual or organization that registers a specific domain name.
This individual or organization holds the right to use that specific domain
name for a specified period of time, provided certain conditions are met
and the registration (NIC) fees are paid. This person or organization
is the “legal entity” bound by the terms of all applicable
domain registration Service Agreements.
Registrar
An entity with a direct contractual relationship with, and special access
to, a registry that inserts records on behalf of others.
Registry
A database associating DNS information with some person, legal entity,
operational entity, or other referent.
Performance
Performance of system is related to the response time for a given transaction
load. For a website, performance is measured in terms of the time it takes
to load pages and process requests by the server. For high traffic websites,
performance can be improved by upgrading server hardware, or using a group
of balanced server. Often performance tuning of the website code ( such
as database SQL, efficient coding and garbage collection etc. ) can enhance
the response rates.
Restricted top-level domain name (rTLD)
A top-level domain, such as .biz, .gov, .museum, .name, and .pro, that
is only available to registrants who meet certain criteria.
Root
The top of the Domain Name System hierarchy. Often referred as the “dot”
.
Scalability
Scalability of a system is the property which allows which the system
to service any given load by adding additional servers or upgrading hardware
to the system in a predetermined fashion.
Scalability determines whether the performance and throughput can be maintained
when the load increases.
Second-Level Domain
In the Domain Name System, the next lower level of the hierarchy underneath
the top level domains. In a domain name, that portion of the domain name
that appears immediately to the left or the top-level domain. For example,
the domainsforbeginners in domainsforbeginners.com.
Second-Level Domain are the focus of domain speculator and have been the
root of a good portion of internet name disputes on the internet. It’s
important that your second-level domain does not infringe upon the registered
trademark of another entity.
Server
A computer, or software package, that provides specific kind of service
to client software running on other computers. The term can refer to a
particular piece of software, such as a WWW server, or to the machine
on which the software is running, e.g. Our mail server is down today,
that’s why e-mails isn’t getting out. A single server machine
could have several different server software packages running on it, thus
providing many different servers to clients on the network.
Session State
Often it is required to maintaining the connection of a client to a particular
server, as in the case of a logged in user. If there are multiple web
servers in the topology, maintaining session state is a crucial consideration
to be taken care of. Usually most load balancing software solutions provides
a way to do this, either by implementing cookies or re-writing URLs with
information included.
Technical Contact
The technical contact is the person or organization who maintains the
primary domain name server. When you register your domain name with us,
we provide our primary nameserver automatically and assume the role of
Technical Contact. The technical contact should be able to answer technical
questions about the domain name’s primary domain name server and
work with technically-oriented people in order domains to solve technical
problems that affect the domain name.
TLD
Top Level Domain. In the Domain Name System (DNS), the highest level of
the hierarchy after the root. In the domain name, that portion of the
domain name that appears furthest to the right. For example, the com in
domainsforbeginners.com. top
Throughput
Throughput, although related to performance, more precisely is by the
number of concurrent transactions that can be processed by the system.
A higher throughput would mean more processing power of the system.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator. An internet “address.” A draft standard
for specifying the location of an object on the internet, such as a file
or a newsgroup. They are used in HTML documents to specify the target
of a hyperlink which is often another HTML documents ( possibly stored
on another computer).
Examples of URLs:
The first part of the URL, before the colon (often http), specifies the access method. The part of the URL after the colon is interpreted specific to the access method.
URL Forwarding
URL Redirected or Website Redirection. In short, when the user types in
one address (URL) for a web site and is then redirected to a site, often
on a different server than the domain. Often the URL name entered will
be short, easy to remember URL while the destination page is actually
defined by a much longer, harder to remember URL. It occurs when a Web
server tells a client browser to obtain a certain requested page from
a different location. The new URL may be on the same server or a different
one and may itself be subject to redirection. The user is normally unaware
of this process except that it may introduce extra delay while the browser
sends the new request and the browser will usually ( although not always)
display the new URL rather than the one the user originally requested.
.Us
Country-code top-level domain. Available exclusively for residents or
the United states and it’s territories.
Virtual hosting
Also called an IPP. In order to establish a full-time presence on the
internet, one needs to have computers that are connected continuously
to the Internet. Special hardware and software are needed as well as constant
maintenance of a full-time high speed connection to the Internet. A virtual
host provides services to relieve it’s hosted customers from the
burned of dedicating costly hardware/software and valuable human resources
to it’s web presence effort. Because of electronic frontage (or
website) actually resides on the IPP’s computers, and not that of
the entity, it’s virtual. This is where the name “ virtual
host” comes from.
Web Page
Simply, a block of information funning on a world-wide server process
identified by specific URL.
Such pages are most often written in HTML. It is also possible for a server
to creat a dynamic web page via special script.
Web Site
Simply put, a block of information running on a world-wide server process.
A web site may or may not be of a group of pages related to one another,
and is identified by it’s Second-Level Domain.
WhoIs
A searchable database maintained by the registrar, which contains information
about networks, networking organizations, domain names, and the contacts
associated with them for respective domains. Also, the set of rules that
describes the application used to access the database. This site uses
fasterWhoIs, an advanced engine that quickly searches all registrars’
databases for domain name availability.
.Ws
Generic top-level name. standards for “Web site”.
Virtual hosting
Virtual hosting is a shared hosting concept where multiple costumers lease
the same web server for hosting their websites. In a virtual hosting environment,
the server resources (CPU, Memory and disk space) is shared by all the
customers. Usually monitoring for the allocation of resources is possible
in case of memory and dick space, however, it is difficult to track CPU
utilization by each customer. Therefore, if one website consumes 50% CPU,
all other websites on that virtual server will suffer.
